Palavras-chave
Regionalismo comparado
Integração regional
Organizações internacionais
Resumo
O regionalismo ganhou destaque desde a década de 1990 como uma resposta ao aumento da globalização e ao estancamento do sistema multilateral. Esse fenômeno despertou um grande interesse acadêmico, mas as teorias baseadas na integração europeia enfrentaram dificuldades para explicar casos fora de sua região de origem. Consequentemente, surgiram novas perspectivas teóricas que ampliaram o escopo analítico e introduziram conceitos que reconhecem a diversidade dos casos de regionalismo, embora com novos desafios para alcançar generalizações teóricas. Em resposta a isso, consolidou-se uma abordagem comparativa que busca equilibrar as teorias tradicionais de integração europeia com os marcos recentes do novo regionalismo, mantendo o rigor analítico necessário para comparações significativas. Este artigo revisa os desenvolvimentos mais recentes na literatura sobre regionalismo comparado e propõe um quadro analítico para abordar casos "desviantes" de integração. Começa definindo o conceito de regionalismo e diferenciando entre consulta, cooperação e integração regional, esclarecendo a estrutura do conceito e identificando seus principais atributos e dimensões. Por meio de uma avaliação crítica de conceitos e teorias, o artigo apresenta uma proposta teórica que integra diferentes perspectivas e delineia novas linhas de pesquisa no campo da integração regional comparada.
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